Abstract
Two hybrids BAd7-209 and BAd7-210 obtained by wide hybridization between wild emmer D97 and weak gluten cultivar CN16, which had genetic background of common wheat resulted from continuous selfing over nine times, were better than CN16 in dough-quality and processing quality test. And BAd7-210 was better than medium gluten wheat cultivar MM37, BAd7-209 was far better than moderate to strong gluten wheat cultivar SM482. Through the chromosome engineering, BAd7-210 possessed the 1Ax2.2 of male D97, and BAd7-209 had the 1Ax1.2 resulted complex variation because of cross-parents' genomic asymmetry. The open reading frames (ORFs) of two novel active Glu-Ax alleles 1Ax2.2 and 1Ax1.2were 2496 bp and 2514 bp, encoding 830 and 836 amino acid residues, respectively. Of which, the 1Ax1.2 was the second longest Glu-Ax gene discovered to date and had two deletions and one insertion besides many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) compared with the 1Ax2.2 and 1Ax1. And, the longer polypeptide of 1Ax1.2 should be responsible for BAd7-209 having better processing quality than BAd7-210. Therefore, wild emmer could be effectively utilized to enrich the basis of Glu-Ax locus of common wheat, through direct cross transferring even further generating novel allele variation, which could significantly enhance the gluten strength.
